Showing posts with label Ecology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ecology. Show all posts

Saturday, November 05, 2011

The World in 2100: Ten Billion People, No Oil and Not Enough Food


With global population now at seven billion, it may be time to start planning for what the world will look like in the coming years.
Though most of us won't be around to see it, the United Nations has projected that our incredible population growth will level off at around 10 billion people by the year 2100.
Already, at seven billion, we are experiencing severe poverty, hunger, a shortage of resources, increased urbanization and climate change issues.
Will we be doomed by 2100, or can we make it work? Since we've only got one planet (so far), let's hope for the latter.

Saturday, October 16, 2010

New fish species found deep below ocean surface

The ghostly white snailfish was found September 10 in the South Pacific.
 
Scientists have discovered a new species of fish living almost 4 1/2 miles below the surface of the Pacific Ocean.
The ghostly white snailfish was found September 10 in the Peru-Chile trench in the South Pacific by an international team of marine biologists led by Alan Jamieson of the University of Aberdeen in Scotland. The scientists also found cusk-eels and crustaceans living in the trench off the west coast of South America. Those creatures had never before been observed at such depths, where sunlight never penetrates and water pressure is almost 10,000 pounds per square inch.
“Our findings, which revealed diverse and abundant species at depths previously thought to be void of fish, will prompt a rethink into marine populations at extreme depths,” said Jamieson, who led researchers from Japan and New Zealand in the project.
The researchers discovered the creatures during a three-week expedition during which they took more than 6,000 images at depths between 4,500 and 8,000 meters (15,000 to 26,000 feet).

The most recent mission – August 31 to September 20 - was the seventh in three years by a collaborative research project among the University of Aberdeen’s Oceanlab, the University of Tokyo’s Ocean Research Institute and New Zealand’s National Institute of Water and Atmospheric research.
Previous expeditions had identified another species of snailfish in deep-sea trenches off Japan and New Zealand.
 
Scientists found large shrimp-like crustacean scavengers in abundance.
 
“To test whether these species would be found in all trenches, we repeated our experiments on the other side of the Pacific Ocean off Peru and Chile, some 6,000 miles from our last observations,” Jamieson said. “What we found was that indeed there was another unique species of snailfish living at 7,000 meters — entirely new to science, which had never been caught or seen before.”
Jamieson said scientists also observed cusk-eels in a “feeding frenzy that last 22 hours” and large shrimp-like crustacean scavengers in abundance in the trench.
“It begs the question of why and how they can live so deep in this trench but not in any other,” said Niamh Kilgallen, an expert on the creatures at the New Zealand institute.
“These findings prompt a re-evaluation of the diversity and abundance of life at extreme depths," Jamieson said.
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Friday, July 02, 2010

Nissan's Lean, Green 'Land Glider' Banks Like a Motorcycle,
Feels Like A Plane


The Nissan Land Glider Nissan's new concept car seats two passengers 
in tandem and leans into turns like a motorcycle.
 
It's a bird! It's a plane! It's a Nissan? Though limited to terrestrial travel, the concept Land Glider automobile from Nissan banks like an airplane, tilting into corners, giving drivers the sensation of flying. But, the likenesses to aviation don't end there. The two-seater orients driver and passenger in tandem -- one in front and one in back -- and rather than a steering wheel, the Land Glider has airplane-style, computer-guided yoke controls.

Inside the Land Glider:  
The controls of the Land Glider resemble those of an airplane rather than a car.
 
Inspired by glider aircraft and motorcycles, the Land Glider is a lean 3.6 feet wide and ultra-lightweight, allowing its zero-emissions, all-electric motor to whisk it along with decent pep. Though its tight profile and narrow frame should make it easy enough to park, video cameras replaced by cameras feeding to dashboard monitors give the driver plenty of perspective on the vehicle's surroundings.
But the coolest features by far are the tilting wheels and leaning fenders that allow it to lean up to 17 degrees as it negotiates turns, assisted by the steering computer that determines optimum tilt for the current speed and trajectory. The Land Glider goes on display at the Tokyo Motor show October 24, but you can sneak-peek it below.




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Monday, June 21, 2010

Human race 'will be extinct within
100 years', claims leading scientist

Professor Frank Fenner
Professor Frank Fenner has warned that the human race can not survive

As the scientist who helped eradicate smallpox he certainly know a thing or two about extinction.
And now Professor Frank Fenner, emeritus professor of microbiology at the Australian National University, has predicted that the human race will be extinct within the next 100 years.
He has claimed that the human race will be unable to survive a population explosion and 'unbridled consumption.’
Fenner told The Australian newspaper that 'homo sapiens will become extinct, perhaps within 100 years.'
'A lot of other animals will, too,' he added.
'It's an irreversible situation. I think it's too late. I try not to express that because people are trying to do something, but they keep putting it off.'
Since humans entered an unofficial scientific period known as the Anthropocene - the time since industrialisation - we have had an effect on the planet that rivals any ice age or comet impact, he said.
Fenner, 95, has won awards for his work in helping eradicate the variola virus that causes smallpox and has written or co-written 22 books.
He announced the eradication of the disease to the World Health Assembly in 1980 and it is still regarded as one of the World Health Organisation's greatest achievements.
He was also heavily involved in helping to control Australia's myxomatosis problem in rabbits.
Last year official UN figures estimated that the world’s population is currently 6.8 billion. It is predicted to exceed seven billion by the end of 2011.
Fenner blames the onset of climate change for the human race’s imminent demise.
He said: 'We'll undergo the same fate as the people on Easter Island.
'Climate change is just at the very beginning. But we're seeing remarkable changes in the weather already.'
'The Aborigines showed that without science and the production of carbon dioxide and global warming, they could survive for 40,000 or 50,000 years.
‘But the world can't. The human species is likely to go the same way as many of the species that we've seen disappear.'
 Earth's population
A map of the world from an atlas which concentrates on population rather than
land mass released last year. The Earth's population is due to hit 7bn by next year

Retired professor Stephen Boyden, a colleague of Professor Fenner, said that while there was deep pessimism among some ecologists, others had a more optimistic view.
'Frank may well be right, but some of us still harbour the hope that there will come about an awareness of the situation and, as a result the revolutionary changes necessary to achieve ecological sustainability.'
Simon Ross, the vice-chairman of the Optimum Population Trust, said: 'Mankind is facing real challenges including climate change, loss of bio-diversity and unprecedented growth in population.'
Professor Fenner's chilling prediction echoes recent comments by Prince Charles who last week warned of ‘monumental problems’ if the world’s population continues to grow at such a rapid pace.
And it comes after Professor Nicholas Boyle of Cambridge University said that a 'Doomsday' moment will take place in 2014 - and will determine whether the 21st century is full of violence and poverty or will be peaceful and prosperous.
in the last 500 years there has been a cataclysmic 'Great Event' of international significance at the start of each century, he claimed.
In 2006 another esteemed academic, Professor James Lovelock, warned that the world's population may sink as low as 500 million over the next century due to global warming.
He claimed that any attempts to tackle climate change will not be able to solve the problem, merely buy us time.

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Sunday, June 13, 2010

Cost To Coast: Science's Mistakes & Hill Case


Former nuclear physicist Stanton Friedman and social scientist Kathleen Marden discussed their research into the 1961 Betty & Barney UFO abduction case, as well as various examples throughout
history when scientists misjudged or ignored scientific evidence or breakthroughs. Friedman cited how early proponents for nuclear cold fusion were hounded out of their jobs, but now it's been
shown that this method may become a valid energy source.

Marden talked about how the Eugenics movement in the United States once advocated for sterilizing convicted felons and their sons, who were thought to carry defective genetic traits. She also
recounted the work of Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian obstetrician in the 1800s who first introduced the idea that doctors should wash their hands with chlorinated lime before examining patients.
While this dramatically reduced infections for women in the maternity ward, Semmelweis was called a charlatan and his antiseptic theory was debunked for many years.

Marden also touched on the case of Natasha Demkina, the Russian "Girl with X-ray Eyes" who was brought to America and tested on a Discovery Channel special that aired in 2004. Demkina was a
genuine medical intuitive, but the unfair protocols of the US testing led people to believe the case was a hoax, she detailed. Regarding the Hill case, Marden (who was the niece of Betty Hill)
noted physical evidence in the abduction, with Betty's dress damaged, and Barney's shoes scraped. Further, Dr. Simon, who conducted hypnosis sessions with them said they were as traumatized as
war veterans he'd worked with, Friedman added.

Stanton Friedman will be teaching an online course at the International Metaphysical University titled "Flying Saucers and Science."

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Monday, May 17, 2010

A planet poisoned by plastic:
From Hawaiian beaches to the coast of Britain,
we're paying a lethal price for our throwaway society, says TV adventurer


Hawaii is generally considered to be the one place in the world where you should be able to guarantee finding paradise. The beautiful tropical islands have been used as the setting for countless TV series, ranging from Lost to Jurassic Park.
Isolated in the middle of the vast Pacific Ocean, distance alone should protect Hawaii's spectacular landscapes and turquoise sea from the environmental problems facing the rest of the planet.
So when I arrived in Hawaii, at the end of a long journey around the Tropic of Cancer for my recent BBC2 series, I was staggered to discover beaches covered in plastic rubbish washed up from around the world.

Threat: Plastic is destroying the environment - here a young lion 
is pictured with a plastic bottle trapped in its mouth
Threat: Plastic is destroying the environment -
here a young lion is pictured with a plastic bottle trapped in its mouth

Television Programme: Tropic Of Cancer, with Simon Reeve.
Simon Reeve said the environmental dangers posed by plastic are
being ignored by politicians

Pristine sand was covered by old plastic toothbrushes, combs, shoes, belts and mouldings. Sam Gon, a Hawaiian conservationist, took me to one beach where 70 local volunteers had just removed tons of garbage.
Yet as soon as it was cleaned, the waves dumped another mountain of rubbish.
The larger pieces of waste can be collected by hand. But when Sam and I dropped to our knees, I could see the surface of the beach was covered with millions of small plastic pellets, known as nurdles, the raw material that factories warm, shape and mould to form the almost infinite number of plastic products that surround our lives.
Dumped, lost or washed out of factories into our seas in their trillions, the nurdles would be difficult to remove from the beach even with a giant sieve.
Yet the big shock came when Sam told me to dig into the sand. Plastic doesn't biodegrade. Instead it breaks down into ever smaller pieces.
Among the grains of sand, and to a depth of several feet, were billions of tiny plastic flecks, which the pounding of the sea was reducing in size.
As I dug through the plastic, I realised the sandy beach was being transformed into a plastic beach. A chill went down my spine.
During the past five years I have travelled around Earth's tropical region for three television series, Equator, Tropic Of Capricorn and, most recently, Tropic Of Cancer.
On my trips I've explored and investigated some of the most pressing issues affecting us and our planet, including poverty, disease and religious fundamentalism.
My journeys have left me in no doubt that the most critical challenge we face is our relationship with the environment.

Rubbish: Plastic poses a real threat to the wildlife of the 
planet
Rubbish: Plastic poses a real threat to the wildlife of the planet

Wherever you stand on the issue of climate change, no one should be in denial about the damage we are doing to our world with deforestation, over-population and by poisoning our rivers and oceans with rubbish.
From the beaches of Hawaii to the seas around Britain, we are soiling our own nest. Since finishing my travels and returning home from Hawaii, I've taken a closer look at British beaches.
It was a shock to realise how they have changed since I was a child playing on beautiful coastlines in Dorset and south Wales, where my little brother James would happily eat the sand.
Britain's beaches, just like those in Hawaii, are now covered in more litter than ever before.
The Marine Conservation Society (MCS), the charity dedicated to protecting our seas, shores and wildlife, has revealed that while total litter has increased by 77 per cent since its Beachwatch survey and clean-up in 1994, plastic litter has increased by an extraordinary 121 per cent.
In September, the MCS will be organising another national Beachwatch clean-up and it needs all the help it can get.
Decades ago, beach rubbish was biodegradable. Now it is mainly plastic and even beaches that seem clean can have an astonishing 5,000 plastic fibres per litre of sand. But worryingly, the plastic we see on our beaches is just a fraction of the plastic waste that is clogging our oceans.
Apart from a tiny quantity that has been incinerated, all the plastic ever created - totalling hundreds of millions of tons - is still out there in the environment in some form.
Huge amounts have been stuffed into landfills as rubbish, from where plastic can leach poisonous toxins into groundwater supplies.

Damage: A wild black bear whose head got stuck inside a 2-gallon 
clear plastic jug, presumably while foraging for food in Minnesota
Damage: A wild black bear whose head got stuck inside a 2-gallon clear plastic jug,
presumably while foraging for food in Minnesota

But vast quantities have also been dropped as litter on beaches or city streets around the world. Rivers often wash it out to sea.
Added to that are the estimated 600,000 plastic containers dumped overboard by ships and navies every single day. In total, at least 100 million tons of plastic rubbish is thought to be sloshing around in our seas.
The scale of the problem is extraordinary. The beaches I visited in Hawaii are being swamped by rubbish from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a vast accumulation of the world's plastic debris floating in the Pacific Ocean.
Twice the size of France, the Garbage Patch is like a plastic soup in the sea and is doubling in size each decade.
Unbelievably, it is not alone. Scientists are convinced that sea currents have created five vast swirling garbage patches in our oceans, including a huge one in the North Atlantic identified in the past few months, which has up to 520,000 bits of rubbish per square mile.
Even more rubbish lurks below the surface, as around 70 per cent sinks down to pollute the seabed.
This is an international scandal and a global problem, for which we are all responsible.
From bicycle helmets to food packaging, from water bottles to toothbrushes, plastic makes our lives easier.
But its production and use is completely out of control. Factories produced more plastic in the first decade of this century than in the entire 20th century.

Dumped: Plastic biodegrades into smaller plastic pieces never 
completely disappearing
Dumped: Plastic biodegrades into smaller plastic pieces never completely disappearing

They are churning out a staggering 300 million tons of plastic each year, much of which will be turned into products that are used once and then thrown away.
As rubbish on land, plastic is a scourge of our modern world. In our seas, the damage all this plastic does is terrifying.
Plastic garbage traps, chokes and kills at least a million seabirds every year and 100,000 marine mammals.
As if that wasn't bad enough, it could also be killing us.
Plastic fragments release potentially harmful styrene compounds, contaminating the sea, and they attract other nasty chemicals in the water, such as DDT and PCBs, which then 'stick' to the plastic.
Fragments of plastic collected from the sea around Japan have been found with concentrations of carcinogenic chemicals at levels one million times higher than in the surrounding seawater.
In some areas of the Pacific there are six times more plastic bits than plankton.
Because the polluted fragments are so small and look like food, they are being gobbled up by small fish, which in turn are eaten by larger fish - which in turn are eaten by us.
So plastic is ruining our beaches, choking the oceans and poisoning our food chain. The consequences are still not fully understood, but they are likely to be devastating.

Human wastage: In Bangladesh, they have abandoned plastic bags and
 replaced them with natural jute bags
Human wastage: In Bangladesh, they have abandoned plastic bags and
replaced them with natural jute bags

This environmental catastrophe is being completely ignored by our politicians.
Yet there is so much that could and must be done to help the problem.
Alternatives to plastic and biodegradable plastics made from corn and soy are under development.
We need to spurn and reject the main culprits: plastic bags, packaging and single-use water bottles, a wasteful obscenity. These make up the bulk of plastic garbage.
In Bangladesh, they have abandoned plastic bags and replaced them with natural jute bags. If they can do it, so can we.
At stake is the future of British beaches, our seas and the food chain. It is nothing short of an environmental emergency.
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Saturday, January 30, 2010

SmartFish Concept Attempts to Swim to the Sky

“Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away.” Antoine de Saint-Exupery
The objective of team SmartFish is to sell or license this revolutionary general aviation aircraft technology to the aviation industry.
The SmartFish technology, which is highly innovative in terms of safety, economy and emotion, can be used for a wide range of applications, from UAV to high performance sports planes to business jets that can accommodate up to 20 passengers. Please check the News section for the latest updates.
Smart Fish’s USPs are as follows:

Economy
Long range cruise speed of Mach 0.85
Long range up to 10’000km
Low fuel consumption
Low CO2 emissions
Huge internal volume and therefore a roomy cabin
Lower manufacturing cost compared to conventional design due to lower part count
Lower operating and maintenance cost than conventional designs
Safety
Reduced moving parts/simplified rudder control
Stall almost impossible, due to the fact that AOA’s of 40 degrees or more can be flown
Simple maintenance
High crashworthiness

Emotional
Fun to fly
Easy to operate
Beautiful design
High marketing potential
SmartFish differs from conventional aircraft by its innovative aerodynamic design, while relying on standard technologies for building materials and propulsion.


Backed through results from preliminary wind tunnel tests and scale model flight data we are convinced that a SmartFish aircraft has many potential advantages over conventional aircraft of comparable size and propulsion system, such as improved efficiency (per freight transported) and a much bigger internal volume. Because of the simplicity of the design we anticipate that manufacturing costs (for design and assembly), maintenance costs, and operating costs will be potentially lower than those for conventional aircraft.
The SmartFish proof of concept will be realized in collaboration with following companies: Extra (world leader in aerobatic aircraft) for system integration and test flights, Leichtwerk for interpretation statics and dynamics, LTB Borowski for composite manufacturing, Liebherr Aerospace for Landing Gear System development, DLR (German Aerospace Center) for flutter analysis and inlet optimization, RUAG Aerospace for wind tunnel testing, and EPFL, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology for verification of different simulation results.
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